Castles in Europe: European Fortresses You Cannot Miss

Located in Bavaria, Germany, Neuschwanstein Castle is often described as the most picturesque castle in Europe, if not the world. This fairytale-like structure inspired Disney's Sleeping Beauty Castle and is one of the top tourist attractions in Europe. It can be reached by train from Munich, followed by a bus or a scenic walk uphill to the castle. It’s especially popular for photography and its stunning interior rooms, including the Throne Room and the Singer’s Hall.

Hohenwerfen Fortress is a medieval castle in Europe located in the Salzach Valley in Austria. The castle is located about 40 km from Salzburg. You can take a train from Salzburg to Werfen, and from there, a short bus ride or hike up to the castle. With rich history, dating back to the 11th century, its  panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and valleys are a major draw. It offers a glimpse into medieval life, with a falconry show, exhibits, and guided tours.

The Alcázar of Segovia is a castle in Spain that appears to have come straight out of a fairy tale. Located on a rocky crag,it can be reached by train from Madrid in about 30 minutes. The castle’s striking appearance, combined with its historical significance as a royal palace and military stronghold, makes it one of Spain’s most visited landmarks. You can explore the castle’s towers, enjoy panoramic views, and see the original armor and weaponry.

Hohenzollern Castle is a majestic 19th-century fortress perched atop Mount Hohenzollern in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Built by the Prussian royal family, it combines neo-Gothic architecture with breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside. The castle houses royal artifacts, including the Prussian crown, and offers guided tours through lavish rooms and historic exhibits. It’s about 50 km south of Stuttgart and easily reached by car or train plus shuttle.

Castle De Haar is the largest and one of the most opulent castles in the Netherlands, located just outside Utrecht in Haarzuilens. Originally built in the 14th century and extensively restored in the late 19th century, it features dramatic neo-Gothic architecture, lush gardens, and a moat. Surrounded by lush gardens, moats, and a landscaped park, the castle offers visitors a glimpse into aristocratic life.  The castle is easily accessible from Amsterdam by car or train, located about 30 minutes from the city center.

Castel Sant’Angelo was initially built as a mausoleum for the Roman Emperor Hadrian. Over the centuries, it was transformed into a fortress, papal residence, and now a museum. It is located near the Vatican City and can be easily reached by foot from major landmarks like St. Peter’s Basilica and the Piazza Navona. The castle offers stunning views of Rome from its terrace, along with an interesting history of its use as a papal fortress and residence. The museum inside showcases art and artifacts from its long history.

Frederiksborg Castle, located in Hillerod, is one of the most impressive Renaissance castles in Europe. It sits beautifully on three islands in the middle of a lake, surrounded by lush gardens. Visitors can take a train from Copenhagen to Hillerød, followed by a short walk to the castle. The castle is home to the Museum of National History, where visitors can explore Denmark’s royal history through art and exhibitions.

Buda Castle is one of Hungary’s most important landmarks that can be easily reached from central Budapest by walking, taking a bus, or using the funicular railway. The castle complex, with its museums, the Hungarian National Gallery, and the beautiful views of the city and river, makes it one of the best castles in Europe to explore for art and history lovers.

Prague Castle is one of the most iconic landmarks in the Czech Republic, situated atop a hill overlooking the historic center of Prague. Recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as the largest ancient castle complex in the world, it spans nearly 600 meters in length and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is located in the Hradcany district, northwest of Prague’s city center. It might not be possible to explore the entire complex within one day, so plan accordingly.

Windsor Castle, located just outside of London, is the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world. As a royal residence for over 1,000 years, it continues to serve as the official residence of the British royal family. is easily accessible from London by train, which takes about 30-40 minutes. It is located in the town of Windsor, a short walk from the train station. Visitors can tour the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel (where royal weddings and burials take place), and enjoy the beautiful castle grounds. Changing of the Guard ceremonies are a popular attraction as well.

Edinburgh Castle is an iconic fortress overlooking the city and has been a royal residence for centuries. It is located in Edinburgh’s Old Town, perched atop Castle Rock, and is easily accessible by foot from the city center. The city’s tram network and buses also have stops close to the castle. It offers visitors a chance to see the Crown Jewels of Scotland, the Stone of Destiny (used in the coronation of Scottish kings), and the National War Museum of Scotland.

Warwick Castle, located in the town of Warwick in central England, is a medieval fortress that has been transformed into a family-friendly attraction. Accessible by train from London (about 1 hour and 30 minutes) or by car from Birmingham (approximately 40 minutes), it stands out for its interactive exhibits, live shows, and seasonal events, such as jousting tournaments, medieval banquets, and Halloween festivals.

Chaumont-sur-Loire Castle is a historic castle in France, known for its stunning architecture. It is part of the Loire Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near Tours and can be reached by train or car.  The castle is famous for its beautiful gardens, especially during the annual International Garden Festival.

Chillon Castle is located on the shores of Lake Geneva, Switzerland, and is one of the most visited historical sites in the country. It is famous for its picturesque location, well-preserved rooms, and beautiful views of the Alps. The castle’s history as a fortress and residence adds to its appeal.

Trakai Island Castle, a 14th-century fortress, sits on Lake Galvė just 28 km from Vilnius, Lithuania. Easily accessible by train, bus, or car, it’s a perfect day trip from the capital. The castle features a museum with medieval exhibits and offers stunning lakeside views. Visitors can enjoy boat rides, local cafes, and scenic walks. Surrounded by scenic waters and lush forests, it offers a fairy-tale setting and rich history from the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.