January in Europe is characterized by mid-winter, bringing a mix of snowy landscapes, chilly city breaks, and even mild coastal escapes, depending on where you want to go. In Scandinavian and Eastern European countries like Norway, Iceland, and Russia, expect freezing temperatures and heavy snowfall, making it perfect for skiing and Northern Lights viewing. In contrast, cities like London, Paris, and Berlin are cold but mostly rainy, with fewer tourists and cozy indoor attractions. If you prefer a mild winter getaway, the Mediterranean regions of Spain, Portugal, and Greece offer cool, sunny days with some occasional rain, making them ideal for sightseeing.
Weather in Europe in January: Region-wise
1. Northern Europe in January (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland)
January in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland is one of the coldest times of the year. Temperatures can drop as low as -10°C to -20°C (14°F to -4°F), especially in the Arctic regions. It is the best time to visit northern parts of Norway, and Lapland for spectacular Northern Lights views. Winter cabins and ice hotels in Lapland are a wonderful seasonal stay experience. In southern parts of Scandinavia, Skåne (Scania) in Sweden, and Jutland in Denmark, it’s slightly warmer but still bitterly cold.
Winds are strong, especially along the coasts and in open areas. The wind chill makes it feel much colder than what the thermometer shows. Snowfall is frequent, especially in inland areas, while coastal cities like Copenhagen and Stockholm might see more rain than snow. Iceland is extremely windy in January, with unpredictable weather that can change within minutes.
Daylight hours are very short. In places like Lapland and northern Norway, the sun barely rises for weeks, though this also means it’s a fantastic time to see the Northern Lights. However, the travel costs can be higher, especially in Scandinavian countries.
2. Western Europe in January (UK, Ireland, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany)
Western Europe, including the UK, Ireland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany, has a milder but wetter winter compared to the north. Temperatures range from 0°C to 10°C (32°F to 50°F), making it cold but not freezing.
Rain is frequent, especially in the UK and Ireland, where gray skies and drizzle dominate most days, making it gloomy. Winds can be strong, particularly along the coasts. Cities like Paris, London, and Amsterdam are chilly, with damp air making it feel colder than the actual temperature. Snow is rare but possible, usually in higher elevations like the Black Forest in Germany or parts of northern France. Also days are short with early sunsets and outdoor sightseeing is not ideal due to wet conditions.
The weather can be unpredictable. Some days are dry and crisp, while others are wet and stormy. However, the cold isn’t extreme, so it’s a great time for indoor activities like museums, cafes, and cultural tours with fewer tourists and cheaper prices.
3. Central Europe in January (Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary)
January is one of the coldest months in Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, and Hungary. Temperatures usually range between -5°C and 5°C (23°F to 41°F), but in the mountains, it can drop much lower. Snowfall is common, especially in the Alps, making it the best time for skiing and snowboarding. Winds aren’t as strong as in Northern Europe, but higher elevations can experience icy gusts. Cities like Vienna, Prague, and Budapest are cold but breathtakingly beautiful under a layer of snow. Also they are less crowded than in summer, making them easier to explore.
Rain is rare in January, but fog and mist are common, especially in valleys and near rivers. Despite the cold, Central Europe in January feels romantic and festive, with many cities still glowing with Christmas decorations in the early part of the month. However, cold temperatures can be uncomfortable for long outdoor activities and some tourist attractions have shorter opening hours due to off-season schedules.
4. Southern Europe in January (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Turkey)
Compared to the rest of Europe, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Turkey have a much milder winter. Temperatures range from 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F), and while it’s not exactly beach weather, it’s warm enough for outdoor sightseeing.
January is one of the rainiest months in southern Europe, particularly in coastal cities like Lisbon, Barcelona, and Naples. However, the rain comes in short bursts rather than long, continuous showers. Winds can be strong along the Mediterranean, but inland areas remain calm.
Despite the occasional rain, January is one of the best months to visit Southern Europe for history, culture, and food. Major cities are less crowded, and you can explore famous landmarks without long lines
5. Eastern Europe in January (Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria)
Eastern Europe, including Russia, Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria, experiences some of the coldest winters in Europe with heavy snowfall. Temperatures often drop below -10°C (14°F), especially in Russia and Ukraine. Snow is common, making cities like Moscow, Kyiv, and Bucharest look like fairy-tale winter destinations. Heavy snowfall can make some remote areas become difficult to access.
Winters are harsh, and winds can be brutal, especially in open areas, making it feel even colder. However, despite the freezing weather, January is one of the cheapest months to visit Eastern Europe, with low hotel prices and budget-friendly attractions.
Where to Go in Europe in January?
- For Snow & Skiing: Switzerland, Austria, Norway
- For Winter City Breaks: London, Paris, Prague
- For Mild Weather: Spain, Portugal, Greece
- For Northern Lights: Lapland (Finland & Sweden), Iceland, Eastern Europe (Russia, Gdańsk and Tallinn)
Best Places to Visit in Europe in January for Warmer Temperatures
If you tend to go to places with mild temperatures in chilly January, Europe has you covered. While swimming might not be ideal in most of the following places, they offer warmer temperatures, outdoor exploration, and plenty of winter sunshine compared to the rest of Europe.
- Canary Islands, Spain – The warmest place in Europe, with temperatures around 18-22°C (64-72°F), perfect for hiking, beaches, and outdoor activities.
- Madeira, Portugal – A subtropical island with mild temperatures (16-20°C / 61-68°F), lush landscapes, and breathtaking coastal views.
- Seville, Spain – One of the warmest cities in mainland Europe, with temperatures around 15-18°C (59-64°F) and plenty of sunshine.
- Malta – A Mediterranean gem with daytime highs of 14-17°C (57-63°F) and historical sites, coastal walks, and a relaxed atmosphere.
- Cyprus – Enjoy a mild winter with temperatures ranging from 15-19°C (59-66°F), making it a great spot for hiking, sightseeing, and cultural exploration.
- Crete, Greece – Greece’s largest island sees temperatures of 12-17°C (54-63°F) with sunny days and fewer crowds.
- Algarve, Portugal – A beautiful coastal region with temperatures around 14-18°C (57-64°F), ideal for beach walks, golfing, and exploring charming towns.
